Child Rights क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
10 points- 1.
Right to survival (life, health, nutrition, standard of living).
- 2.
Right to protection (from abuse, neglect, exploitation, discrimination, trafficking).
- 3.
Right to development (education, care, leisure, cultural activities, access to information).
- 4.
Right to participation (express views, be heard in matters affecting them, freedom of thought and religion).
- 5.
Principle of non-discrimination: All children are equal, regardless of race, color, sex, language, religion, origin, or disability.
- 6.
Best interests of the child: A primary consideration in all actions concerning children.
- 7.
Right to free and compulsory education (Article 21A of Indian Constitution).
- 8.
Protection from hazardous employment (Article 24 of Indian Constitution).
- 9.
Protection from exploitation and moral/material abandonment (Article 39(f) of Indian Constitution).
- 10.
Right to a safe, nurturing, and violence-free environment.
दृश्य सामग्री
Key Milestones in Child Rights Legislation in India
This timeline details the significant legal and policy developments concerning child rights in India, from international conventions to domestic acts and constitutional provisions, crucial for understanding the legal framework.
The protection and promotion of child rights in India have evolved significantly, influenced by international human rights frameworks and domestic constitutional mandates. This timeline highlights the legislative journey that has strengthened the legal and policy architecture for safeguarding children's well-being and development.
- 1948Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted (Article 25(2) on childhood)
- 1950Indian Constitution adopted (Articles 24, 39(f), 45)
- 1989UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) adopted
- 1992India ratifies UN CRC
- 200286th Constitutional Amendment Act: Article 21A (Right to Education) inserted
- 2009Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act enacted
- 2012Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act enacted
- 2015Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act enacted
- 2016National Action Plan for Children (NAPC) launched
- 2020National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 integrates child rights principles
- RecentAmendments to JJ Act (2015) and POCSO Act (2012) for enhanced protection
Child Rights: Dimensions, Frameworks & Relevance
This mind map illustrates the multifaceted nature of Child Rights, connecting its core dimensions with constitutional provisions, legal acts, and its broader relevance for UPSC Civil Services Examination.
Child Rights
- ●UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) 1989
- ●Four Core Dimensions
- ●Constitutional Provisions (India)
- ●Key Legal Frameworks (India)
- ●Guiding Principles
- ●Recent Focus/Developments
Constitutional Provisions vs. Key Acts for Child Rights in India
This table provides a comparative overview of how constitutional principles related to child rights are translated into specific legal frameworks, highlighting their interconnectedness and operational aspects.
| Constitutional Provision | Key Principle | Related Act(s) | Specific Operationalization |
|---|---|---|---|
| Article 21A | Right to Free & Compulsory Education (6-14 years) | RTE Act, 2009 | Mandates free elementary education, specific norms for schools, 25% EWS reservation. |
| Article 24 | Prohibition of Employment of Children (below 14 in hazardous work) | Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986 (amended 2016) | Prohibits child labour in all occupations below 14, adolescent labour in hazardous occupations (14-18). |
| Article 39(f) | Protection from Exploitation & Moral/Material Abandonment | Juvenile Justice (Care & Protection of Children) Act, 2015; POCSO Act, 2012 | Provides for care, protection, development, and rehabilitation of children in conflict with law and children in need of care and protection; specific protection against sexual abuse. |
| Article 45 | Provision for Early Childhood Care & Education (ECCE) | National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 | Aims for universal access to quality ECCE for all children aged 3-6 years, to be delivered through Anganwadis and pre-schools. |
| Article 21 (Right to Life & Personal Liberty) | Right to a Safe, Nurturing & Violence-Free Environment | POCSO Act, 2012; Juvenile Justice Act, 2015; National Education Policy 2020 | Ensures physical and psychological safety, protection from abuse, and a supportive environment for holistic development in schools and homes. |
हालिया विकास
5 विकासAmendments to the Juvenile Justice Act (2015) and POCSO Act (2012) for stricter penalties and enhanced child protection mechanisms.
Increased focus on child-friendly justice systems and legal aid for children.
National Action Plan for Children 2016 outlining strategies for child protection, health, education, and participation.
Integration of child rights principles into educational policies like the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
Initiatives for mental health support and psychosocial care for children, especially post-pandemic.