कृषि में सरकार की भूमिका क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
12 points- 1.
पॉइंट 1: सरकार किसानों के लिए उत्पादन लागत कम करने के लिए उर्वरकों, बीजों, बिजली और सिंचाई पर सब्सिडी वित्तीय सहायता प्रदान करती है।
- 2.
पॉइंट 2: किसानों को मूल्य में उतार-चढ़ाव से बचाने के लिए, बुवाई के मौसम से पहले कुछ फसलों के लिए Minimum Support Price (MSP) की घोषणा की जाती है, जो किसानों को न्यूनतम मूल्य की गारंटी देती है।
- 3.
पॉइंट 3: सरकार नई तकनीकों को विकसित करने और फसल की पैदावार में सुधार के लिए Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) जैसे संस्थानों के माध्यम से कृषि अनुसंधान और विकास में निवेश करती है।
- 4.
पॉइंट 4: कृषि उत्पादकता में सुधार और फसल कटाई के बाद होने वाले नुकसान को कम करने के लिए सिंचाई परियोजनाओं, ग्रामीण सड़कों और भंडारण सुविधाओं सहित बुनियादी ढांचे का विकास किया जाता है।
- 5.
पॉइंट 5: किसानों को उनके कार्यों के लिए धन प्राप्त करने में मदद करने के लिए बैंकों और सहकारी समितियों के माध्यम से रियायती ब्याज दरों पर कृषि ऋण प्रदान किया जाता है।
- 6.
पॉइंट 6: सरकार निष्पक्ष व्यापार प्रथाओं को सुनिश्चित करने और किसानों के शोषण को रोकने के लिए Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMCs) जैसी एजेंसियों के माध्यम से कृषि बाजारों को विनियमित करती है।
- 7.
पॉइंट 7: Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) एक फसल बीमा योजना जैसी विभिन्न योजनाएं प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के कारण फसल के नुकसान के खिलाफ किसानों को बीमा कवरेज प्रदान करती हैं।
- 8.
पॉइंट 8: सरकार कृषि के पर्यावरणीय प्रभाव को कम करने के लिए Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) जैविक खेती को बढ़ावा देने की एक योजना जैसी योजनाओं के माध्यम से टिकाऊ कृषि पद्धतियों को बढ़ावा देती है।
- 9.
पॉइंट 9: घरेलू किसानों को अनुचित प्रतिस्पर्धा से बचाने और खाद्य सुरक्षा सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आयात और निर्यात नियमों सहित व्यापार नीतियों का उपयोग किया जाता है।
- 10.
पॉइंट 10: सरकार किसानों को नई तकनीकों और सर्वोत्तम प्रथाओं पर जानकारी प्रसारित करने के लिए कृषि विस्तार अधिकारियों के माध्यम से विस्तार सेवाएं प्रदान करती है।
- 11.
पॉइंट 11: सरकार किसानों की आय बढ़ाने और पारंपरिक फसलों पर निर्भरता कम करने के लिए बागवानी, पशुपालन और मत्स्य पालन की ओर कृषि के विविधीकरण को बढ़ावा देने के लिए नीतियां लागू करती है।
- 12.
पॉइंट 12: सरकार किसानों के लिए मूल्य खोज और बाजार पहुंच में सुधार के लिए e-NAM (Electronic National Agriculture Market) कृषि वस्तुओं के लिए एक ऑनलाइन ट्रेडिंग प्लेटफॉर्म के माध्यम से एक राष्ट्रीय कृषि बाजार बनाने पर काम कर रही है।
दृश्य सामग्री
Government's Intervention in Agriculture
Various ways the government intervenes in the agriculture sector.
Government's Role in Agriculture
- ●Price Support
- ●Input Subsidies
- ●Infrastructure Development
- ●Agricultural Research
हालिया विकास
6 विकासThe government has been promoting the use of drones in agriculture for tasks like spraying pesticides and fertilizers (2022).
There are ongoing debates about reforming the APMC system to create a more competitive and efficient agricultural market.
The government is focusing on promoting Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) to improve farmers' bargaining power and market access.
Increased emphasis on digital agriculture through initiatives like AgriStack, aiming to create a unified platform for farmers.
The government is exploring ways to promote climate-resilient agriculture to mitigate the impact of climate change on crop production (2023).
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in agriculture is being encouraged to improve crop management and yield prediction (2024).
विभिन्न समाचारों में यह अवधारणा
1 विषयसामान्य प्रश्न
121. What is the government's role in agriculture, and what are its key objectives?
The government's role in agriculture involves supporting and regulating the sector to ensure food security, support farmers' incomes, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. The government intervenes through subsidies, price controls like Minimum Support Price (MSP), investment in research, and infrastructure development.
2. How does the Minimum Support Price (MSP) mechanism work in practice, and what is its purpose?
The Minimum Support Price (MSP) is announced by the government before the sowing season for certain crops. It guarantees a minimum price to farmers, protecting them from price fluctuations. If the market price falls below the MSP, the government purchases the crops from farmers at the MSP.
3. What are the key provisions related to subsidies in the agricultural sector?
The government provides subsidies on fertilizers, seeds, electricity, and irrigation to reduce the cost of production for farmers. This helps to make farming more affordable and encourages higher production.
4. What role does the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) play in supporting agriculture?
The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is responsible for agricultural research and development. It develops new technologies and improves crop yields. ICAR plays a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability.
5. What are the challenges in the implementation of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) policy?
Challenges in implementing the MSP policy include: * Limited procurement infrastructure * Storage constraints * Market distortions * The fact that it benefits only a few crops and regions.
- •Limited procurement infrastructure
- •Storage constraints
- •Market distortions
- •Benefits only a few crops and regions
6. How has the government's role in agriculture evolved since the Green Revolution?
After the Green Revolution in the 1960s, which focused on increasing food production, government policies have shifted towards diversification, sustainable agriculture, and liberalization. The 1991 economic reforms led to some liberalization of the agricultural sector.
7. What is the significance of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955, in regulating agriculture?
The Essential Commodities Act, 1955, empowers the government to regulate the production, supply, and distribution of essential commodities, including agricultural products. This helps ensure availability and affordability of these commodities.
8. What are Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs), and how are they being promoted by the government?
Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) are organizations formed by farmers to improve their bargaining power and market access. The government is promoting FPOs to help farmers collectively manage their resources, reduce transaction costs, and get better prices for their produce.
9. What reforms have been suggested for the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) system?
Reforms suggested for the APMC system include: * Promoting competition * Reducing intermediaries * Improving infrastructure * Ensuring transparency in price discovery. The goal is to create a more efficient and competitive agricultural market.
- •Promoting competition
- •Reducing intermediaries
- •Improving infrastructure
- •Ensuring transparency in price discovery
10. How does India's agricultural subsidy system compare with that of other countries?
India's agricultural subsidy system primarily focuses on input subsidies (fertilizers, seeds, electricity) and price support (MSP). Compared to developed countries, India's subsidies are often criticized for being less targeted and potentially leading to inefficiencies.
11. What are some recent developments in the use of technology in agriculture, supported by the government?
Recent developments include the promotion of drones for tasks like spraying pesticides and fertilizers. The government is also encouraging the use of digital technologies for precision farming and market information.
12. What are some frequently asked aspects of the government's role in agriculture in the UPSC exam?
Frequently asked aspects include the effectiveness of subsidies, the impact of MSP, challenges in agricultural marketing, and the need for reforms. Factual questions about government schemes and institutions are also common.