कार्यकारी विवेकाधिकार (Karyakari Vivekadhikar)

Executive discretion refers to the power of the executive branch to make decisions without specific instructions from the legislature or judiciary. As per the concept data, the Constitution of India implicitly recognizes executive discretion, though specific articles are not mentioned.

Key provisions related to Executive Discretion include: * Executive branch can make decisions where laws are vague. * It is essential for responding to emergencies quickly. * Key stakeholders are President/Governor, Prime Minister/Chief Minister, cabinet ministers, and government officials. * It is subject to judicial review and constitutional constraints. * It is related to delegated legislation.

• •Executive branch can make decisions where laws are vague.
• •It is essential for responding to emergencies quickly.
• •Key stakeholders are President/Governor, Prime Minister/Chief Minister, cabinet ministers, and government officials.
• •It is subject to judicial review and constitutional constraints.
• •It is related to delegated legislation.

In practice, executive discretion allows the government to make decisions in situations not explicitly covered by law. For example, in disaster management, the executive can allocate resources and coordinate relief efforts without waiting for specific legislative approval. This power is, however, subject to judicial review to prevent abuse.

Executive discretion is limited by the Constitution, laws, and judicial review. The executive cannot act arbitrarily or in violation of fundamental rights. The Supreme Court and High Courts can review executive actions and strike them down if they are found to be unconstitutional or illegal.

Challenges include potential for abuse of power, lack of transparency, and difficulty in ensuring accountability. Balancing the need for efficient governance with the protection of individual rights is a constant challenge.

Initially, executive discretion was seen as necessary for effective governance. Over time, there has been increasing emphasis on limiting and regulating this discretion to prevent abuse. Landmark cases and judicial pronouncements have played a crucial role in defining its boundaries.

Suggested reforms include increasing transparency in decision-making, establishing clear guidelines for the exercise of discretion, and strengthening mechanisms for accountability. The government is increasingly using technology to improve transparency in executive decision-making.

Executive discretion allows for efficient governance and quick responses to unforeseen events. However, it must be exercised responsibly and transparently to maintain public trust and uphold the rule of law. It allows the government to adapt to changing circumstances.

UPSC frequently asks about the scope, limitations, and potential for abuse of executive discretion. Questions can be analytical, requiring candidates to evaluate the balance between executive power and individual rights. Also, its relation with delegated legislation.

Executive discretion is related to the concept of delegated legislation, where the legislature grants the executive the power to make rules and regulations. This delegated power allows the executive to fill in the details of laws and adapt them to specific situations.

Without specific comparative data, it's difficult to provide a detailed comparison. However, the extent and limitations of executive discretion vary across countries based on their constitutional frameworks and legal traditions. Generally, countries with stronger traditions of rule of law and judicial review tend to have more constrained executive discretion.

A common misconception is that executive discretion is unlimited. In reality, it is subject to constitutional constraints, legal limits, and judicial review. Another misconception is that it is inherently undemocratic; while it can be abused, it is also necessary for efficient governance.