समावेशी शहरी विकास (Samaveshi Shahari Vikas) क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
12 points- 1.
Equitable Access to Services: यह सुनिश्चित करना कि सभी निवासियों, चाहे उनकी आय या सामाजिक स्थिति कुछ भी हो, पानी, स्वच्छता, स्वास्थ्य सेवा, शिक्षा और परिवहन जैसी जरूरी सेवाओं तक पहुंच हो।
- 2.
Affordable Housing: कम आय वाले परिवारों और कमजोर समूहों के लिए सस्ते आवास विकल्प प्रदान करना, बेघर होने से रोकना और सामाजिक एकीकरण को बढ़ावा देना।
- 3.
Inclusive Planning and Participation: शहरी विकास से संबंधित योजना और निर्णय लेने की प्रक्रियाओं में हाशिए पर रहने वाले समुदायों सहित सभी हितधारकों को शामिल करना।
- 4.
Accessible Public Spaces: सार्वजनिक स्थान बनाना जो सभी निवासियों के लिए सुरक्षित, सुलभ और स्वागत योग्य हों, जिनमें विकलांग लोग, बच्चे और बुजुर्ग शामिल हैं।
- 5.
Economic Opportunities: सभी निवासियों के लिए आर्थिक अवसरों को बढ़ावा देना, जिसमें नौकरी, प्रशिक्षण और उद्यमिता समर्थन तक पहुंच शामिल है।
- 6.
Social Inclusion: सामाजिक असमानताओं को दूर करना और नीतियों और कार्यक्रमों के माध्यम से सामाजिक सामंजस्य को बढ़ावा देना जो हाशिए पर रहने वाले समुदायों का समर्थन करते हैं।
- 7.
Disaster Resilience: ऐसे शहर बनाना जो प्राकृतिक आपदाओं और जलवायु परिवर्तन के प्रति लचीले हों, इन घटनाओं के प्रभावों से कमजोर आबादी की रक्षा करना।
- 8.
Sustainable Resource Management: शहरी संसाधनों, जिनमें पानी, ऊर्जा और कचरा शामिल हैं, का स्थायी रूप से प्रबंधन करना, ताकि पर्यावरणीय प्रभावों को कम किया जा सके और दीर्घकालिक स्थिरता सुनिश्चित की जा सके।
- 9.
Preservation of Cultural Heritage: सांस्कृतिक विरासत स्थलों और परंपराओं की रक्षा और संरक्षण करना, सामाजिक पहचान और सामुदायिक सामंजस्य के लिए उनके महत्व को पहचानना।
- 10.
Use of Technology: शहरी सेवाओं को बेहतर बनाने और नागरिक जुड़ाव को बढ़ावा देने के लिए प्रौद्योगिकी का लाभ उठाना, यह सुनिश्चित करना कि प्रौद्योगिकी से सभी निवासियों को लाभ हो, न कि केवल कुछ चुनिंदा लोगों को।
- 11.
Gender Equality: शहरी नियोजन और विकास में एक लैंगिक परिप्रेक्ष्य को एकीकृत करना, शहरी क्षेत्रों में महिलाओं और लड़कियों के सामने आने वाली विशिष्ट जरूरतों और चुनौतियों का समाधान करना।
- 12.
Data-Driven Decision Making: शहरी नियोजन और नीतिगत निर्णयों को सूचित करने के लिए डेटा और साक्ष्य का उपयोग करना, यह सुनिश्चित करना कि हस्तक्षेप लक्षित और प्रभावी हों।
दृश्य सामग्री
Key Aspects of Inclusive Urban Development
This mind map illustrates the key components of inclusive urban development, including equitable access to services, affordable housing, and inclusive planning.
Inclusive Urban Development
- ●Equitable Access to Services
- ●Affordable Housing
- ●Inclusive Planning & Participation
- ●Economic Opportunities
Evolution of Inclusive Urban Development in India
This timeline highlights key milestones in the evolution of inclusive urban development in India, from JNNURM to the Smart Cities Mission.
भारत की शहरी विकास नीतियां धीरे-धीरे एक अधिक समावेशी दृष्टिकोण की ओर बढ़ रही हैं, जो सभी निवासियों, विशेष रूप से हाशिए के समुदायों की जरूरतों पर ध्यान केंद्रित कर रही हैं।
- 2005जवाहरलाल नेहरू राष्ट्रीय शहरी नवीकरण मिशन (जेएनएनयूआरएम)
- 2015स्मार्ट सिटी मिशन
- 2015कायाकल्प और शहरी परिवर्तन के लिए अटल मिशन (अमृत)
- 2022प्रधान मंत्री आवास योजना (पीएमएवाई) - शहरी (समय सीमा बढ़ाई गई)
- 2026राजस्थान का शहरी सह-अस्तित्व कानून
हालिया विकास
10 विकासThe Smart Cities Mission, launched in 2015, aims to transform 100 cities across India into smart, sustainable, and inclusive urban centers.
The AMRUT Mission focuses on providing basic services like water supply, sewerage, and urban transport to improve the quality of life in 500 cities.
The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) - Urban aims to provide affordable housing for all by 2022, with a focus on urban areas. (Deadline extended).
Increased focus on urban climate resilience and adaptation strategies in response to growing climate change impacts.
Growing recognition of the importance of informal settlements and street vendors in the urban economy, leading to efforts to integrate them into formal planning processes.
The rise of participatory budgeting initiatives in some cities, allowing citizens to directly influence how public funds are allocated.
Increased use of technology and data analytics to improve urban governance and service delivery.
Focus on promoting green and sustainable urban development practices, such as green buildings, urban forestry, and renewable energy.
The NITI Aayog's reports and recommendations on urban reforms and governance.
Discussions around land titling and property rights for urban poor to ensure security of tenure.
विभिन्न समाचारों में यह अवधारणा
1 विषयसामान्य प्रश्न
121. What is Inclusive Urban Development and what are its key provisions?
Inclusive Urban Development means creating cities where everyone can live comfortably and have equal opportunities, especially those often left out like low-income individuals, people with disabilities, women, children, and older adults. Its key provisions include: * Equitable Access to Services: Ensuring everyone has access to essential services. * Affordable Housing: Providing housing options for low-income groups. * Inclusive Planning and Participation: Involving all stakeholders in urban development planning. * Accessible Public Spaces: Creating safe and accessible public spaces for all. * Economic Opportunities: Promoting economic opportunities for all residents.
- •Equitable Access to Services
- •Affordable Housing
- •Inclusive Planning and Participation
- •Accessible Public Spaces
- •Economic Opportunities
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember the five key provisions as pillars of inclusive urban development. Think of them as essential for creating a fair and equitable city.
2. What are the challenges in the implementation of Inclusive Urban Development?
Implementing Inclusive Urban Development faces several challenges: * Lack of resources: Insufficient funding can hinder the provision of affordable housing and basic services. * Social discrimination: Marginalized communities may face discrimination, limiting their access to opportunities. * Poor governance: Ineffective governance and corruption can impede the implementation of inclusive policies. * Lack of awareness: A lack of awareness among stakeholders can hinder participation and support for inclusive initiatives. * Conflicting interests: Competing interests among different groups can make it difficult to reach consensus on urban development plans.
- •Lack of resources
- •Social discrimination
- •Poor governance
- •Lack of awareness
- •Conflicting interests
परीक्षा युक्ति
Consider these challenges as potential roadblocks in achieving inclusive urban development. Understanding them is crucial for suggesting effective solutions.
3. What is the significance of Inclusive Urban Development in the Indian economy?
Inclusive Urban Development is significant for the Indian economy because: * It promotes social equity: By reducing inequalities, it fosters a more just and equitable society. * It enhances economic productivity: By providing access to education, healthcare, and jobs, it improves the productivity of the workforce. * It stimulates economic growth: By creating vibrant and inclusive cities, it attracts investment and promotes economic growth. * It reduces social unrest: By addressing the needs of marginalized communities, it reduces social unrest and promotes social harmony. * It contributes to sustainable development: By promoting sustainable urban planning, it contributes to environmental sustainability.
- •Promotes social equity
- •Enhances economic productivity
- •Stimulates economic growth
- •Reduces social unrest
- •Contributes to sustainable development
परीक्षा युक्ति
Relate inclusive urban development to broader economic goals like poverty reduction, employment generation, and sustainable growth. This will help you answer questions on its significance.
4. How does Inclusive Urban Development work in practice?
In practice, Inclusive Urban Development involves: * Identifying marginalized communities: Understanding the needs and challenges faced by vulnerable groups. * Developing targeted interventions: Designing programs and policies to address the specific needs of these communities. * Promoting participatory planning: Involving all stakeholders in the planning and decision-making processes. * Investing in infrastructure: Providing access to basic services like water, sanitation, and transportation. * Monitoring and evaluation: Tracking progress and making adjustments as needed.
- •Identifying marginalized communities
- •Developing targeted interventions
- •Promoting participatory planning
- •Investing in infrastructure
- •Monitoring and evaluation
परीक्षा युक्ति
Think of Inclusive Urban Development as a cycle of identifying needs, planning solutions, implementing them, and then monitoring the results to make improvements.
5. What are the limitations of Inclusive Urban Development?
The limitations of Inclusive Urban Development include: * Complexity: Urban environments are complex systems, making it difficult to address all the factors that contribute to inequality. * Scale: Implementing inclusive policies on a large scale can be challenging and resource-intensive. * Resistance: Vested interests may resist inclusive policies that threaten their power or privilege. * Sustainability: Ensuring the long-term sustainability of inclusive initiatives can be difficult, especially in the face of economic or political instability. * Measurement: Measuring the impact of inclusive urban development initiatives can be challenging.
- •Complexity
- •Scale
- •Resistance
- •Sustainability
- •Measurement
परीक्षा युक्ति
Recognize that inclusive urban development is not a perfect solution and has inherent limitations. Understanding these limitations is important for a balanced perspective.
6. What reforms have been suggested for Inclusive Urban Development?
Suggested reforms for Inclusive Urban Development include: * Strengthening governance: Improving transparency, accountability, and citizen participation in urban governance. * Increasing investment: Allocating more resources to affordable housing, basic services, and infrastructure. * Promoting social inclusion: Implementing policies to combat discrimination and promote social integration. * Enhancing capacity building: Providing training and support to urban planners and policymakers. * Fostering innovation: Encouraging the development and adoption of innovative solutions to urban challenges.
- •Strengthening governance
- •Increasing investment
- •Promoting social inclusion
- •Enhancing capacity building
- •Fostering innovation
परीक्षा युक्ति
These reforms can be seen as strategies to overcome the challenges in implementing inclusive urban development. They aim to create a more effective and equitable urban system.
7. What are the important articles/sections related to Inclusive Urban Development according to the provided data?
According to the provided data, the important articles/sections related to Inclusive Urban Development include: * Article 21 (Right to Life): Interpreted to include the right to a dignified life, including access to basic services. * 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992: Devolved powers to urban local bodies.
- •Article 21 (Right to Life)
- •74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on understanding how these articles/sections relate to the core principles of inclusive urban development. Article 21 ensures basic rights, while the 74th Amendment empowers local bodies.
8. How has Inclusive Urban Development evolved over time?
The idea of Inclusive Urban Development gained prominence in the late 20th century as cities faced growing inequalities. Traditional urban planning often neglected marginalized communities. The United Nations' Habitat Agenda, adopted in 1996, emphasized inclusive cities and sustainable urban development. This agenda called for policies and programs that promote equal opportunities and reduce inequalities.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember the historical context: Inclusive Urban Development arose as a response to growing inequalities and the limitations of traditional urban planning.
9. What are the recent developments related to Inclusive Urban Development in India?
Recent developments related to Inclusive Urban Development in India include: * Smart Cities Mission (launched in 2015): Aims to transform 100 cities into smart, sustainable, and inclusive urban centers. * AMRUT Mission: Focuses on providing basic services like water supply, sewerage, and urban transport to improve the quality of life in 500 cities. * Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) - Urban: Aims to provide affordable housing for all by 2022, with a focus on urban areas (deadline extended).
- •Smart Cities Mission
- •AMRUT Mission
- •Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) - Urban
परीक्षा युक्ति
These missions represent India's efforts to promote inclusive urban development through various initiatives. Remember their objectives and focus areas.
10. What is the significance of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 in the context of Inclusive Urban Development?
The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 is significant because it devolved powers to urban local bodies. This means that local governments have more authority and responsibility in planning and implementing urban development initiatives, including those related to inclusivity. This decentralization can lead to more effective and responsive urban governance, better addressing the needs of local communities.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember that the 74th Amendment empowers local bodies, making them key players in promoting inclusive urban development at the grassroots level.
11. How does India's approach to Inclusive Urban Development compare with other countries?
Without specific data for comparison, it's difficult to provide a detailed analysis. However, India's approach, as reflected in the Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, and PMAY-Urban, focuses on leveraging technology, improving basic services, and providing affordable housing. Many countries also prioritize these aspects, but the specific strategies and implementation may vary depending on the local context, resources, and governance structures.
परीक्षा युक्ति
When comparing India's approach, consider factors like the scale of urbanization, the level of economic development, and the specific challenges faced by Indian cities.
12. What are frequently asked aspects of Inclusive Urban Development in the UPSC exam?
Frequently asked aspects in the UPSC exam include: * Government schemes and initiatives: Questions on missions like Smart Cities, AMRUT, and PMAY-Urban are common. * Challenges in implementation: UPSC often asks about the obstacles in achieving inclusive urban development goals. * Constitutional and legal framework: Questions related to Article 21 and the 74th Amendment can be asked. * Impact on social and economic development: The role of inclusive urban development in reducing poverty, promoting equity, and fostering economic growth is often examined.
- •Government schemes and initiatives
- •Challenges in implementation
- •Constitutional and legal framework
- •Impact on social and economic development
परीक्षा युक्ति
Focus on understanding the practical aspects of inclusive urban development and its impact on various sections of society. Also, stay updated on recent government initiatives and their progress.