सार्वभौमिक सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाएं क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
8 points- 1.
सार्वभौमिक सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाओं में आमतौर पर सार्वभौमिक स्वास्थ्य सेवा, बुनियादी आय सहायता और वृद्धावस्था पेंशन जैसे घटक शामिल होते हैं।
- 2.
उनका उद्देश्य गरीबी, असमानता और भेद्यता को कम करना है।
- 3.
वित्तपोषण सामान्य कराधान, सामाजिक बीमा योगदान या दोनों के संयोजन के माध्यम से हो सकता है।
- 4.
प्रमुख चुनौतियों में सामर्थ्य, प्रशासनिक क्षमता और राजनीतिक व्यवहार्यता शामिल हैं।
- 5.
सार्वभौमिक सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाओं के उदाहरणों में यूके में राष्ट्रीय स्वास्थ्य सेवा (NHS) और कुछ देशों में सार्वभौमिक बुनियादी आय (UBI) प्रयोग शामिल हैं।
- 6.
भारत में, सार्वभौमिक बुनियादी आय योजना को लागू करने की व्यवहार्यता पर बढ़ती बहस है।
- 7.
जन धन योजना, जो वित्तीय समावेशन को बढ़ावा देती है, को सार्वभौमिक सामाजिक सुरक्षा की दिशा में एक कदम के रूप में देखा जाता है।
- 8.
सार्वभौमिक सामाजिक सुरक्षा योजनाओं की सफलता प्रभावी लक्ष्यीकरण, कुशल वितरण और पर्याप्त धन पर निर्भर करती है।
दृश्य सामग्री
Social Security Schemes: Targeted vs. Universal
Comparison of targeted and universal social security schemes.
| Feature | Targeted Schemes | Universal Schemes |
|---|---|---|
| Coverage | Specific groups (e.g., BPL families) | All citizens |
| Eligibility | Based on income, caste, etc. | No eligibility criteria |
| Examples | Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS), MGNREGA | Universal Basic Income (UBI), National Health Service (NHS) |
| Advantages | Efficient resource allocation, reduces leakage | Reduces exclusion errors, promotes social cohesion |
| Disadvantages | Exclusion errors, stigmatization | High cost, potential for misuse |
हालिया विकास
4 विकासThe COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for stronger social safety nets and universal social security.
There is increasing discussion on the role of technology in delivering social security benefits more efficiently.
The government is exploring options for expanding social security coverage to gig workers and platform workers.
Pilot projects on universal basic income are being conducted in some states.
सामान्य प्रश्न
61. What is the definition of universal social security schemes and what is its constitutional basis in India?
Universal social security schemes aim to provide a basic level of social protection to all citizens, regardless of their employment status or income level. The goal is to ensure everyone has access to essential services and a minimum standard of living. As per the concept data, the Constitution of India (Directive Principles of State Policy) provides the framework for social and economic justice.
2. What are the key provisions typically included in universal social security schemes?
Universal social security schemes typically include:
- •Universal healthcare
- •Basic income support
- •Old-age pensions
- •The schemes aim to reduce poverty, inequality, and vulnerability.
परीक्षा युक्ति
Remember the key components like healthcare, income support, and pensions for prelims.
3. What are the challenges in the implementation of universal social security schemes in a country like India?
Key challenges include affordability, administrative capacity, and political feasibility.
4. How does a universal social security scheme work in practice?
Universal social security schemes work by providing a safety net for all citizens, ensuring access to essential services and a minimum standard of living. Financing can be through general taxation, social insurance contributions, or a combination of both.
5. How has the concept of universal social security evolved over time?
The idea of universal social security gained traction in the 20th century with the development of welfare states in Europe. The Beveridge Report in the UK was a key milestone. Many developing countries are now exploring universal social security models. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for stronger social safety nets and universal social security.
6. What is the significance of universal social security schemes in promoting social justice and reducing inequality?
They aim to reduce poverty, inequality, and vulnerability by ensuring everyone has access to essential services and a minimum standard of living.