Transboundary Pollution / Regional Cooperation क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
7 points- 1.
Nature: Pollution (air, water, soil) that crosses state or national borders, making it difficult for a single entity to control.
- 2.
Challenges: Includes issues of jurisdiction, blame-game politics, lack of coordinated policy implementation, differing economic priorities, and enforcement difficulties.
- 3.
Need for Cooperation: Essential for effective mitigation as sources and impacts are geographically dispersed.
- 4.
Mechanisms: Can involve inter-state agreements, joint task forces, shared monitoring networks, harmonized policies and regulations, and resource sharing.
- 5.
Examples: Air pollution in Delhi-NCR (involving Delhi, Haryana, UP, Punjab), river pollution (e.g., Ganga, Yamuna), smog in Southeast Asia from forest fires.
- 6.
Key Stakeholders: Central government, state governments, local bodies, pollution control boards, research institutions, and civil society organizations.
- 7.
Policy Tools: Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) for Delhi-NCR is an example of a regional, coordinated action plan.
दृश्य सामग्री
Transboundary Pollution & Regional Cooperation
This mind map explores the concept of transboundary pollution, highlighting its nature, the challenges it poses, the imperative for regional cooperation, and various mechanisms to achieve it, with a focus on the Delhi-NCR context.
Transboundary Pollution & Regional Cooperation
- ●Nature & Challenges
- ●Need for Cooperation
- ●Mechanisms & Frameworks
- ●Key Examples
Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) Implementation Process
This flowchart illustrates the operational mechanism of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi-NCR, a key regional cooperation strategy to combat severe air pollution episodes based on real-time air quality levels.
- 1.Continuous Monitoring of Air Quality Index (AQI) by CAQM/CPCB
- 2.AQI Level Exceeds Thresholds?
- 3.CAQM Activates GRAP Stage (I, II, III, or IV - based on severity)
- 4.Coordinated Actions by Delhi & NCR States (Haryana, UP, Rajasthan)
- 5.Examples of Actions: Ban Construction, Restrict Vehicles (Odd-Even), Close Industries, Ban Firecrackers
- 6.Air Quality Improves?
- 7.CAQM Deactivates/Downgrades GRAP Stage
हालिया विकास
4 विकासIncreased judicial intervention by the Supreme Court and National Green Tribunal (NGT), directing states in the NCR to cooperate on air pollution.
Formation of the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in NCR and Adjoining Areas in 2020 to coordinate efforts among states.
Implementation of GRAP across Delhi-NCR, requiring coordinated actions from multiple states based on air quality levels.
Focus on regional solutions for stubble burning and industrial emissions in the NCR.