Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) / Local Self-Government क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
11 points- 1.
Constitutional Status: Granted by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act 1992, which added Part IX-A (The Municipalities) and the 12th Schedule to the Constitution.
- 2.
Types of ULBs:
- 3.
- Nagar Panchayats: For areas in transition from rural to urban.
- 4.
- Municipal Councils (Municipalities): For smaller urban areas.
- 5.
- Municipal Corporations: For larger urban areas.
- 6.
Composition: Elected members (councillors/corporators) and a Mayor/President.
- 7.
Functions (12th Schedule): Contains 18 functional items, including urban planning, land-use regulation, water supply, public health, sanitation, solid waste management, fire services, slum improvement, urban forestry, parks, street lighting, etc.
- 8.
Finances: Grants from state government, taxes (property tax, entertainment tax), fees, market borrowings, central schemes.
- 9.
State Election Commission: Conducts elections to ULBs.
- 10.
State Finance Commission: Reviews financial position and makes recommendations.
- 11.
Ward Committees: For better local administration in larger municipalities.
दृश्य सामग्री
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs): Structure, Functions & Constitutional Basis
This mind map provides a comprehensive overview of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), detailing their constitutional foundation, different types, mandated functions, and key institutional support, as established by the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.
Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
- ●Constitutional Basis
- ●Types of ULBs
- ●Key Functions (12th Schedule)
- ●Supporting Institutions
Evolution of Local Self-Government in India
This timeline illustrates the historical journey of local self-government in India, from its colonial origins to its constitutional recognition and subsequent policy developments, highlighting key milestones for both rural and urban local bodies.
The journey of local self-government in India is a testament to the evolving understanding of democratic decentralization. From being an administrative convenience under colonial rule, it transformed into a constitutionally mandated third tier of governance, continuously adapting to meet the complex demands of a growing nation, especially in urban areas.
- 1882Lord Ripon's Resolution: Recognized local self-government as a policy objective, earning him the title 'Father of Local Self-Government in India'.
- 1919Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms: Introduced 'dyarchy' in provinces, making local self-government a 'transferred subject' under elected Indian ministers.
- 1935Government of India Act: Provincial autonomy granted, local self-government placed under the exclusive jurisdiction of provinces.
- 1957Balwant Rai Mehta Committee: Recommended a three-tier Panchayati Raj System for rural areas, laying the groundwork for democratic decentralization.
- 198965th Constitutional Amendment Bill: Introduced for ULBs but failed to pass, highlighting early attempts for constitutional status.
- 199274th Constitutional Amendment Act: Granted constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), establishing them as the third tier of governance.
- 2015Smart Cities Mission & AMRUT: Major central government missions launched to drive urban development and improve basic services, leveraging ULBs.
- 2026CM's Deadline for Urban Legacy Issues: Reflects the ongoing importance and challenges faced by ULBs in service delivery and urban management.
हालिया विकास
5 विकासEmphasis on Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation), and Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) for urban development.
Challenges in financial autonomy and capacity building of ULBs.
Increased focus on e-governance and digital platforms for service delivery by ULBs.
Debate on devolution of powers and funds to ULBs.
Role of ULBs in disaster management and climate change adaptation.