Article 19(1)(a): Guarantees freedom of speech and expression, which the Supreme Court has interpreted to include the right to disseminate and receive information, implicitly covering access to the internet.

Article 19(1)(g): Guarantees freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business, which is significantly impacted by internet shutdowns, affecting livelihoods and economic activities.

Article 21: Guarantees right to life and personal liberty, which the Supreme Court has broadly interpreted to include the right to privacy, right to education, and potentially access to the internet as a means to livelihood and education.

Reasonable Restrictions: Article 19(2) allows for reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech and expression on specific grounds such as sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020): The Supreme Court ruled that internet access is a fundamental right under Article 19 and any suspension must be temporary, necessary, and proportionate. It also mandated that such orders must be published and subject to judicial review.

Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services (Public Emergency or Public Safety) Rules, 2017: These rules govern the procedure for suspending telecom services, including internet, requiring orders to be issued by a Secretary to the Union or State Government and reviewed by a committee.

Article 19(1)(a): Guarantees freedom of speech and expression, which the Supreme Court has interpreted to include the right to disseminate and receive information, implicitly covering access to the internet.

Article 19(1)(g): Guarantees freedom to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business, which is significantly impacted by internet shutdowns, affecting livelihoods and economic activities.

Article 21: Guarantees right to life and personal liberty, which the Supreme Court has broadly interpreted to include the right to privacy, right to education, and potentially access to the internet as a means to livelihood and education.

Reasonable Restrictions: Article 19(2) allows for reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech and expression on specific grounds such as sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign States, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence.

Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020): The Supreme Court ruled that internet access is a fundamental right under Article 19 and any suspension must be temporary, necessary, and proportionate. It also mandated that such orders must be published and subject to judicial review.

Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services (Public Emergency or Public Safety) Rules, 2017: These rules govern the procedure for suspending telecom services, including internet, requiring orders to be issued by a Secretary to the Union or State Government and reviewed by a committee.