Legislative Process & Scrutiny क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
8 points- 1.
A Bill a proposed law can be introduced in either House of Parliament (except Money Bills, which originate only in Lok Sabha).
- 2.
Stages of an Ordinary Bill: First Reading (introduction), Second Reading (general discussion, committee stage, clause-by-clause consideration), Third Reading (voting on the Bill as a whole).
- 3.
After passing in one House, the Bill goes to the other House for similar stages. If passed by both, it is sent for President's assent (Article 111).
- 4.
The President can give assent, withhold assent, or return the Bill for reconsideration (except Money Bills). If Parliament passes it again, the President must give assent.
- 5.
Money Bills (Article 110) deal with financial matters and have special procedures, with Rajya Sabha having limited powers.
- 6.
Financial Bills (Article 117) are of two types, some requiring President's recommendation for introduction.
- 7.
Constitutional Amendment Bills (Article 368) require special majority and, in some cases, ratification by states.
- 8.
Legislative scrutiny involves detailed debate, amendments, and crucially, referral to Departmentally Related Standing Committees (DRSCs) for expert and public input.
दृश्य सामग्री
Legislative Process for an Ordinary Bill in Indian Parliament
A step-by-step flowchart detailing how an Ordinary Bill is introduced, debated, and passed in the Indian Parliament to become an Act.
- 1.Introduction of Bill (First Reading) in either House
- 2.Second Reading: General Discussion
- 3.Referral to Parliamentary Committee (Optional but crucial for scrutiny)
- 4.Committee Report & Consideration
- 5.Second Reading: Clause-by-Clause Consideration & Amendments
- 6.Third Reading: Voting on the Bill as a whole
- 7.Bill Passed in First House
- 8.Bill Sent to Second House for similar stages
- 9.Bill Passed by Second House (or disagreement)
- 10.Joint Sitting (in case of deadlock, except Money Bills)
- 11.President's Assent (Article 111)
- 12.Bill becomes an Act (Law)
Types of Bills in Indian Parliament: Ordinary, Money, & Constitutional Amendment
A comparative table outlining the distinct features, procedures, and constitutional articles governing Ordinary, Money, and Constitutional Amendment Bills in India.
| Feature | Ordinary Bill | Money Bill | Constitutional Amendment Bill |
|---|---|---|---|
| Constitutional Article | Arts. 107-109 | Art. 110 (Definition), Art. 109 (Procedure) | Art. 368 |
| Introduction | Either House | Only Lok Sabha | Either House |
| President's Recommendation | Not required (except Financial Bills Type I) | Required | Not required |
| Rajya Sabha Powers | Equal powers, can reject/amend | Limited (can delay for 14 days, cannot reject/amend) | Equal powers, must pass |
| Joint Sitting | Possible (Art. 108) | Not possible | Not possible |
| President's Assent | Assent, withhold, or return for reconsideration | Assent or withhold (cannot return) | Must give assent (24th Amendment Act) |
हालिया विकास
4 विकासThe news highlights a concerning trend of minimal discussion and reduced referral of Bills to parliamentary committees, with 80% of Bills in the 17th Lok Sabha passed within an hour.
This trend is seen as undermining the quality of legislation and the democratic process.
Increased use of Ordinances temporary laws promulgated by the President when Parliament is not in session, bypassing parliamentary scrutiny.
Debates around the need for more robust pre-legislative consultation policies.