Supreme Court (Role of Judiciary)

Supreme Court (Role of Judiciary) क्या है?

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial court and the final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. It is the guardian of the Constitution and the protector of fundamental rights of the citizens. Its role encompasses judicial review, interpretation of laws, and upholding the rule of law.

ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि

The Supreme Court was established on January 26, 1950, succeeding the Federal Court of India. Its powers and jurisdiction are enshrined in Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution. Over the years, it has evolved into a powerful institution through landmark judgments and the development of doctrines like Basic Structure and Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

मुख्य प्रावधान

9 points

1.
Article 124 provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
2.
It has original jurisdiction (Article 131) in disputes between the Union and states or between states.
3.
It has appellate jurisdiction (Articles 132, 133, 134) over appeals from High Courts in constitutional, civil, and criminal matters.
4.
It has advisory jurisdiction (Article 143) to advise the President on questions of law or fact.
5.
It is a Court of Record (Article 129), meaning its decisions are binding precedents and it can punish for contempt.
6.
It has the power of Judicial Review (Articles 13, 32, 136, 141, 142) to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders.
7.
It can issue writs (Article 32) for the enforcement of fundamental rights.
8.
It has the power to transfer cases and review its own judgments (Article 137).
9.
The Chief Justice of India is the head of the Supreme Court.

दृश्य सामग्री

Supreme Court of India: Powers & Role

This mind map outlines the foundational aspects, diverse jurisdictions, and pivotal role of the Supreme Court of India in upholding the Constitution and protecting fundamental rights, with a focus on its relevance to governance and electoral reforms.

Supreme Court of India

●Constitutional Basis
●Key Jurisdictions
●Powers & Role
●Recent Relevance (Electoral Bonds)

हालिया विकास

4 विकास

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The Supreme Court's landmark judgment in February 2024 striking down the Electoral Bond Scheme as unconstitutional.

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Ongoing cases related to Article 370, demonitization, same-sex marriage, and environmental protection.

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Increased emphasis on judicial appointments and the collegium system.

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Debates surrounding judicial activism vs. judicial restraint and the scope of Public Interest Litigation (PIL).

स्रोत विषय

BJP's Donations Surge Post-Electoral Bonds Scrapping: Key Insights

Polity & Governance

UPSC महत्व

Crucial for UPSC GS Paper 2 (Polity & Governance) and Prelims. Questions on the Supreme Court's powers, jurisdiction, landmark judgments, judicial review, and its role as a constitutional guardian are very frequent. Understanding its recent rulings is essential.