Parliamentary Legislative Process क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
9 points- 1.
Introduction of a Bill (First Reading): A Bill can be introduced in either House of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), except for Money Bills which must originate in the Lok Sabha. It can be a Government Bill or a Private Member's Bill.
- 2.
Second Reading: This is the most crucial stage involving detailed scrutiny. It includes a general discussion on the Bill's principles, followed by clause-by-clause consideration and voting on amendments. The Bill may be referred to a Select Committee of the House or a Joint Committee of both Houses for detailed examination.
- 3.
Third Reading: A brief discussion on the Bill as a whole, focusing on whether it should be passed or rejected. No major amendments are allowed at this stage.
- 4.
Passage in the Second House: After a Bill is passed by one House, it is transmitted to the other House, where it undergoes similar three stages.
- 5.
Joint Sitting: If there is a deadlock between the two Houses on an Ordinary Bill (i.e., one House rejects the Bill, proposes amendments unacceptable to the other, or delays it for more than six months), the President can summon a joint sitting of both Houses (Article 108). This provision does not apply to Money Bills or Constitutional Amendment Bills.
- 6.
Presidential Assent: Once a Bill is passed by both Houses (or a joint sitting), it is sent to the President for assent (Article 111). The President can give assent, withhold assent, or return the Bill for reconsideration (except for Money Bills). If Parliament passes it again with or without amendments, the President must give assent.
- 7.
Types of Bills: The Constitution distinguishes between Ordinary Bills, Money Bills (Article 110), Financial Bills (Article 117), and Constitutional Amendment Bills (Article 368), each with specific procedural requirements.
- 8.
Quorum: For any sitting of either House of Parliament, the quorum is one-tenth of the total number of members of the House.
- 9.
Committees of Parliament (e.g., Standing Committees, Select Committees) play a vital role in scrutinizing Bills in detail, often inviting public feedback and expert opinions.
दृश्य सामग्री
How a Bill Becomes an Act in India
This flowchart illustrates the step-by-step process of how a Bill is introduced, debated, passed by Parliament, and receives Presidential assent to become a law in India, crucial for understanding the legislative framework.
- 1.Introduction of Bill (First Reading) in Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha (except Money Bills in LS only)
- 2.Second Reading: General discussion, Committee Stage (optional), Clause-by-clause consideration, Voting on amendments
- 3.Third Reading: Discussion on Bill as a whole, Voting for passage
- 4.Passage in First House
- 5.Transmission to Second House
- 6.Second House Process (Similar three readings)
- 7.Deadlock? (Ordinary Bill only)
- 8.Joint Sitting of Parliament (Article 108)
- 9.Bill Passed by Both Houses (or Joint Sitting)
- 10.Presidential Assent (Article 111)
- 11.Bill Becomes an Act (Law)
Types of Bills in Indian Parliament: A Comparison
This table compares the four main types of Bills in the Indian Parliament – Ordinary, Money, Financial, and Constitutional Amendment Bills – highlighting their distinct procedural requirements and constitutional articles.
| Feature | Ordinary Bill | Money Bill | Financial Bill (I) | Constitutional Amendment Bill |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Constitutional Article | Art. 107 | Art. 110 | Art. 117(1) | Art. 368 |
| Introduction | Either House | Lok Sabha only | Lok Sabha only | Either House |
| President's Recommendation | Not required | Required | Required | Not required |
| Rajya Sabha Powers | Equal powers (can reject/amend) | Can only recommend (14 days) | Equal powers (can reject/amend) | Equal powers (must pass) |
| Joint Sitting | Yes (Art. 108) | No | Yes (Art. 108) | No |
| President's Assent | Assent, withhold, return for reconsideration | Assent, withhold (cannot return) | Assent, withhold, return for reconsideration | Must give assent |
हालिया विकास
5 विकासConcerns over reduced time for parliamentary debates and committee scrutiny of Bills, with many being passed with limited discussion.
Increased use of ordinances (Article 123) by the executive, sometimes bypassing detailed parliamentary scrutiny, leading to debates on executive overreach.
Introduction of new technologies and digital platforms for parliamentary proceedings and record-keeping.
Debates on the role of the Rajya Sabha in delaying or amending Bills, particularly those passed by the Lok Sabha.
Introduction of significant Bills related to major economic and social reforms (e.g., labour codes, farm laws, financial sector amendments).