Labour Reforms क्या है?
ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
मुख्य प्रावधान
8 points- 1.
Rationalization of Laws: Consolidating and simplifying numerous existing labour laws into a few comprehensive codes.
- 2.
Industrial Relations Code, 2020: Amends laws related to trade unions, industrial disputes, and standing orders, introducing provisions for fixed-term employment and raising thresholds for prior government permission for layoffs/retrenchment.
- 3.
Code on Wages, 2019: Universalizes minimum wages, ensures timely payment, and simplifies the wage structure across all employments.
- 4.
Code on Social Security, 2020: Aims to universalize social security benefits (provident fund, ESI, gratuity) for all workers, including gig and platform workers.
- 5.
Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020: Consolidates laws on safety, health, and working conditions, extending coverage to all establishments.
- 6.
Ease of Compliance: Reducing the compliance burden for employers through simplified registration, licensing, and inspection processes.
- 7.
Dispute Resolution: Streamlining mechanisms for resolving industrial disputes.
- 8.
Fixed-Term Employment: Legalizing fixed-term employment across sectors to provide flexibility to employers and formalize contractual workers.
दृश्य सामग्री
Evolution of Labour Reforms in India (1991-2026)
This timeline illustrates the key milestones and policy shifts in India's labour reform journey, from economic liberalization to the recent consolidation of labour laws and state-level initiatives.
India's labour laws, inherited from the colonial era, were fragmented and often seen as rigid. Post-1991, the need for rationalization to boost industrial growth and employment became a recurring theme. The 2020 Labour Codes represent a significant attempt to consolidate and modernize these laws, balancing worker welfare with business flexibility, though full implementation is still ongoing across states.
- 1991Economic Liberalization: Increased debate on labour market flexibility.
- 2002Second National Commission on Labour Report: Recommended consolidation of laws.
- 2014Government focus on 'Make in India' and 'Ease of Doing Business' intensifies reform push.
- 2017Code on Wages 2019 introduced in Parliament (passed 2019).
- 2020Parliament passes 3 new Labour Codes: Industrial Relations, Social Security, OSHWC. (Total 4 Codes).
- 2021-2024States begin framing rules for Labour Codes; many amend Shops & Establishments Acts for 24x7 operations and women night shifts.
- 2025Continued efforts to extend social security to gig & platform workers; debate on full implementation of Codes.
- 2026Delhi Government implements women night shifts with safety, 24x7 shops, and simplified procedures, aligning with reform goals.
Key Pillars of India's Labour Reforms (Post-2020 Codes)
This mind map illustrates the core objectives and provisions of the four central Labour Codes, highlighting their interconnectedness and relevance to both worker welfare and business flexibility.
Labour Reforms (Post-2020 Codes)
- ●Code on Wages, 2019
- ●Industrial Relations Code, 2020
- ●Code on Social Security, 2020
- ●OSHWC Code, 2020
हालिया विकास
4 विकासEnactment of the four Labour Codes in 2020, though their full implementation is pending as states finalize rules.
Debate on the balance between worker protection and employer flexibility.
Increased focus on formalizing the informal sector and extending social security benefits to gig workers.
Emphasis on skill development and vocational training to improve employability.