What is Make in India for Defence?
Historical Background
Key Points
12 points- 1.
A core principle is prioritizing domestic procurement. The government has earmarked a significant percentage of the defence capital acquisition budget for procurement from domestic sources. For example, in recent years, approximately 75% of the capital outlay has been reserved for domestic vendors. This ensures that Indian companies get preference in defence contracts.
- 2.
The initiative promotes technology transfer and co-development. Foreign companies are encouraged to partner with Indian firms to transfer technology and jointly develop defence equipment. This helps in building indigenous capabilities and reducing dependence on foreign suppliers. A recent example is the joint venture between an Indian firm and Israel Aerospace Industries for aerospace electronics and radar technologies.
- 3.
The Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) outlines the guidelines and procedures for defence procurement. It includes provisions for promoting indigenization, such as preferential treatment for Indian vendors and incentives for using indigenous components. The DAP is regularly updated to streamline the procurement process and encourage domestic manufacturing. The latest draft, DAP-2026, emphasizes technology ownership by India, not just manufacturing.
Visual Insights
Evolution of Make in India for Defence
Timeline showcasing the key milestones in the Make in India for Defence initiative.
India's historical reliance on defence imports led to the Make in India initiative to boost domestic manufacturing and strategic autonomy.
- 1999Kargil Review Committee emphasizes self-reliance in defence.
- 2014Make in India initiative officially launched.
- 2016Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) introduced, prioritizing domestic vendors.
- 2022Increased focus on indigenous design and development.
- 2026Draft DAP-2026 emphasizes defence technology owned by India.
Make in India for Defence: Key Aspects
Mind map illustrating the key aspects and components of the Make in India for Defence initiative.
Make in India for Defence
- ●Policy & Framework
- ●Indigenous Manufacturing
Recent Real-World Examples
2 examplesIllustrated in 2 real-world examples from Feb 2026 to Feb 2026
Government to procure business jets for defense dignitaries
26 Feb 2026The news about procuring business jets for defence dignitaries, while not directly a 'Make in India' story *yet*, highlights a critical aspect of national security and defence preparedness. (1) It demonstrates the government's commitment to ensuring the safety and operational efficiency of its top officials, which is indirectly linked to a strong defence posture. (2) While this specific procurement might not be fully indigenized, it creates an opportunity for Indian companies to participate in future upgrades, maintenance, or even the development of indigenous alternatives. (3) It reveals the ongoing need for modernization and technological advancements in the defence sector, which can be addressed through the 'Make in India' initiative. (4) The implications are that future procurements should prioritize domestic sourcing and technology transfer to align with the 'Make in India' goals. (5) Understanding the 'Make in India for Defence' concept is crucial for analyzing this news because it provides the context for evaluating the government's long-term strategy for building a self-reliant defence sector and reducing dependence on imports. It allows us to ask critical questions about the extent of indigenization in defence procurements and the opportunities for domestic manufacturers.
Source Topic
India's Defence Modernization: A Sign of Maturity, Not Militarism
Polity & GovernanceUPSC Relevance
Frequently Asked Questions
61. What's the most common MCQ trap regarding the percentage of defence capital acquisition budget earmarked for domestic procurement under Make in India for Defence?
The most common trap is confusing the *target* percentage with the *actual* percentage achieved in a given year. While the government aims for approximately 75% of the capital outlay to be reserved for domestic vendors, the *actual* procurement from domestic sources may fluctuate year to year. MCQs often present options with aspirational targets as if they are already achieved realities. Always look for qualifying words like 'aims to be' vs. 'is'.
Exam Tip
When you see a percentage related to domestic procurement, double-check if the question is asking about the *target* or the *actual* figure. Note the fiscal year being referenced.
2. Make in India for Defence aims to reduce import dependence. But what specific *strategic* vulnerability does this address beyond just saving foreign exchange?
Beyond saving foreign exchange, reducing import dependence addresses critical strategic vulnerabilities related to supply chain security and geopolitical leverage. Over-reliance on foreign suppliers means India is vulnerable to: answerPoints: * Supply disruptions during conflicts or crises, potentially crippling defence operations. * Political pressure from supplier nations, who might withhold critical technologies or spare parts. * Espionage and cyberattacks through compromised foreign-made equipment.