Compares the process and requirements for amending ordinary laws and the Constitution in India.
| Feature | Ordinary Laws | Constitutional Amendments |
|---|---|---|
| Initiation | Bill in either House of Parliament/State Legislature | Bill in either House of Parliament |
| Majority Required | Simple Majority | Special Majority (2/3rd) + Ratification by States (in some cases) |
| Article | Relevant articles pertaining to legislative powers | Article 368 |
| Judicial Review | Subject to judicial review | Subject to judicial review |
| Scope | Limited to specific provisions of the law | Can alter the basic structure of the Constitution (subject to judicial review) |
💡 Highlighted: Row 2 is particularly important for exam preparation
Compares the process and requirements for amending ordinary laws and the Constitution in India.
| Feature | Ordinary Laws | Constitutional Amendments |
|---|---|---|
| Initiation | Bill in either House of Parliament/State Legislature | Bill in either House of Parliament |
| Majority Required | Simple Majority | Special Majority (2/3rd) + Ratification by States (in some cases) |
| Article | Relevant articles pertaining to legislative powers | Article 368 |
| Judicial Review | Subject to judicial review | Subject to judicial review |
| Scope | Limited to specific provisions of the law | Can alter the basic structure of the Constitution (subject to judicial review) |
💡 Highlighted: Row 2 is particularly important for exam preparation
Legislative Process: Amendments are typically initiated through a bill introduced in either house of the legislature.
Parliamentary Scrutiny: Bills are debated and scrutinized by parliamentary committees before being passed.
Voting Requirements: Amendments usually require a simple majority or a special majority depending on the nature of the law.
Presidential Assent: Once passed by the legislature, the amendment requires the assent of the President or Governor to become law.
Judicial Review: Amendments are subject to judicial review to ensure they are consistent with the Constitution.
Sunset Clauses: Some amendments may include sunset clauses, specifying a date on which they will expire.
Ordinances: In certain circumstances, the executive can issue ordinances that have the force of law, but these must be approved by the legislature within a specified period.
Constitutional Amendments: Amendments to the Constitution require a special majority in both houses of Parliament and ratification by a majority of state legislatures in some cases.
Compares the process and requirements for amending ordinary laws and the Constitution in India.
| Feature | Ordinary Laws | Constitutional Amendments |
|---|---|---|
| Initiation | Bill in either House of Parliament/State Legislature | Bill in either House of Parliament |
| Majority Required | Simple Majority | Special Majority (2/3rd) + Ratification by States (in some cases) |
| Article | Relevant articles pertaining to legislative powers | Article 368 |
| Judicial Review | Subject to judicial review | Subject to judicial review |
| Scope | Limited to specific provisions of the law | Can alter the basic structure of the Constitution (subject to judicial review) |
Legislative Process: Amendments are typically initiated through a bill introduced in either house of the legislature.
Parliamentary Scrutiny: Bills are debated and scrutinized by parliamentary committees before being passed.
Voting Requirements: Amendments usually require a simple majority or a special majority depending on the nature of the law.
Presidential Assent: Once passed by the legislature, the amendment requires the assent of the President or Governor to become law.
Judicial Review: Amendments are subject to judicial review to ensure they are consistent with the Constitution.
Sunset Clauses: Some amendments may include sunset clauses, specifying a date on which they will expire.
Ordinances: In certain circumstances, the executive can issue ordinances that have the force of law, but these must be approved by the legislature within a specified period.
Constitutional Amendments: Amendments to the Constitution require a special majority in both houses of Parliament and ratification by a majority of state legislatures in some cases.
Compares the process and requirements for amending ordinary laws and the Constitution in India.
| Feature | Ordinary Laws | Constitutional Amendments |
|---|---|---|
| Initiation | Bill in either House of Parliament/State Legislature | Bill in either House of Parliament |
| Majority Required | Simple Majority | Special Majority (2/3rd) + Ratification by States (in some cases) |
| Article | Relevant articles pertaining to legislative powers | Article 368 |
| Judicial Review | Subject to judicial review | Subject to judicial review |
| Scope | Limited to specific provisions of the law | Can alter the basic structure of the Constitution (subject to judicial review) |