What is Environmentally Sensitive Zones (ESZs)?
Historical Background
Key Points
9 points- 1.
ESZs act as a 'shock absorber' for protected areas.
- 2.
The extent of ESZs can vary, but generally extends up to 10 km around protected areas.
- 3.
Activities prohibited in ESZs include mining, major construction, and polluting industries.
- 4.
Activities regulated in ESZs include tree felling, establishment of hotels and resorts, and commercial use of natural resources.
- 5.
Activities permitted in ESZs include agriculture, horticulture, and eco-tourism.
- 6.
The purpose is to minimize the impact of human activities on the fragile ecosystems.
- 7.
Declaration of ESZs is done by the MoEFCC based on recommendations from state governments.
- 8.
Local communities are involved in the management and monitoring of ESZs.
- 9.
The Supreme Court has also issued guidelines regarding the declaration and management of ESZs.
Visual Insights
Environmentally Sensitive Zones (ESZs)
Mind map illustrating the key aspects of Environmentally Sensitive Zones, including their purpose, legal framework, and recent developments.
Environmentally Sensitive Zones (ESZs)
- ●Purpose & Function
- ●Legal Framework
- ●Key Provisions
- ●Recent Developments
Evolution of ESZ Policy in India
Timeline showing the key milestones in the evolution of Environmentally Sensitive Zone policy in India.
The concept of ESZs evolved from the need to protect areas outside protected areas and minimize human impact on fragile ecosystems. The legal framework is provided by the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
- 2002National Wildlife Action Plan (2002-2016) emphasizes protection outside Protected Areas
- 2010National Green Tribunal Act establishes NGT for environmental disputes
- 2011Gadgil Committee Report on Western Ghats recommends ESZs
- 2014Kasturirangan Committee Report provides an alternative approach to ESZs in Western Ghats
- 2022Supreme Court directs maintaining a minimum 1km ESZ around Protected Areas
- 2024Amendments to ESZ notifications to address local concerns
- 2026Ongoing debates on balancing conservation with development in ESZs
Recent Developments
5 developmentsRecent controversies regarding the extent of ESZs around national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
Debate on balancing conservation with development needs of local communities.
Increased focus on participatory management of ESZs involving local stakeholders.
Supreme Court directives on maintaining a minimum ESZ of 1 km around protected areas.
Amendments to ESZ notifications to address specific local concerns and needs.