Separation of Powers: A fundamental feature of the Indian Constitution, though not explicitly mentioned, it is implied in the structure of government (Articles 50, 121, 122, 211, 212).

Judicial Review: The power of the judiciary to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders (Article 13, 32, 226).

Judicial Activism: When the judiciary goes beyond its traditional role of interpreting law and actively shapes policy or fills legislative gaps.

Judicial Restraint: The principle that courts should defer to the policy decisions of the elected branches of government unless there is a clear constitutional violation.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL): A mechanism allowing any public-spirited citizen or organization to approach the court on behalf of others, often leading to judicial directives on policy matters.

Policy Domain: Matters like economic policy, taxation, social welfare schemes, and administrative reforms are generally considered to be within the primary domain of the executive and legislature.

Checks and Balances: The system of separation of powers ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful, with each branch having some oversight over the others.

Constitutional Interpretation: The judiciary's primary role is to interpret the Constitution and laws, which can have significant policy implications.

Separation of Powers: A fundamental feature of the Indian Constitution, though not explicitly mentioned, it is implied in the structure of government (Articles 50, 121, 122, 211, 212).

Judicial Review: The power of the judiciary to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive orders (Article 13, 32, 226).

Judicial Activism: When the judiciary goes beyond its traditional role of interpreting law and actively shapes policy or fills legislative gaps.

Judicial Restraint: The principle that courts should defer to the policy decisions of the elected branches of government unless there is a clear constitutional violation.

Public Interest Litigation (PIL): A mechanism allowing any public-spirited citizen or organization to approach the court on behalf of others, often leading to judicial directives on policy matters.

Policy Domain: Matters like economic policy, taxation, social welfare schemes, and administrative reforms are generally considered to be within the primary domain of the executive and legislature.

Checks and Balances: The system of separation of powers ensures that no single branch becomes too powerful, with each branch having some oversight over the others.

Constitutional Interpretation: The judiciary's primary role is to interpret the Constitution and laws, which can have significant policy implications.