Historically, over 40 central laws and 100 state laws existed, now consolidated into four labor codes for simplification and modernization.

Code on Wages 2019: Consolidates laws on minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus, and equal remuneration for all workers.

Industrial Relations Code 2020: Amalgamates laws on trade unions, industrial disputes, and standing orders, introducing changes to hiring and firing norms.

Code on Social Security 2020: Unifies laws on provident fund, ESI, gratuity, maternity benefit, and introduces provisions for gig/platform and unorganized workers.

Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020: Consolidates laws on safety, health, and welfare of workers across various sectors.

Aims to simplify, rationalize, and modernize the labor regulatory framework to improve ease of doing business and worker protection.

Introduces provisions for fixed-term employment, allowing employers to hire workers for specific periods without permanent obligations.

Changes to retrenchment rules and thresholds for seeking government permission for layoffs, often a point of contention with trade unions.

Mandates social security coverage for various worker categories, including a push for universalization.

Addresses issues of contract labor and migrant workers, aiming to provide them with better protections and benefits.

Historically, over 40 central laws and 100 state laws existed, now consolidated into four labor codes for simplification and modernization.

Code on Wages 2019: Consolidates laws on minimum wages, payment of wages, bonus, and equal remuneration for all workers.

Industrial Relations Code 2020: Amalgamates laws on trade unions, industrial disputes, and standing orders, introducing changes to hiring and firing norms.

Code on Social Security 2020: Unifies laws on provident fund, ESI, gratuity, maternity benefit, and introduces provisions for gig/platform and unorganized workers.

Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code 2020: Consolidates laws on safety, health, and welfare of workers across various sectors.

Aims to simplify, rationalize, and modernize the labor regulatory framework to improve ease of doing business and worker protection.

Introduces provisions for fixed-term employment, allowing employers to hire workers for specific periods without permanent obligations.

Changes to retrenchment rules and thresholds for seeking government permission for layoffs, often a point of contention with trade unions.

Mandates social security coverage for various worker categories, including a push for universalization.

Addresses issues of contract labor and migrant workers, aiming to provide them with better protections and benefits.