This mind map illustrates the multifaceted role and powers of the Supreme Court, highlighting its constitutional foundations, various jurisdictions, and its critical function as the protector of fundamental rights and the Constitution.
This timeline highlights significant events, landmark judgments, and reforms that have shaped the Supreme Court's role and influence in India's governance and constitutional framework.
This mind map illustrates the multifaceted role and powers of the Supreme Court, highlighting its constitutional foundations, various jurisdictions, and its critical function as the protector of fundamental rights and the Constitution.
This timeline highlights significant events, landmark judgments, and reforms that have shaped the Supreme Court's role and influence in India's governance and constitutional framework.
Art. 124: Establishment, Judges
Jan 28, 1950 (Successor to Federal Court)
Original (Art. 131): Centre-State disputes
Appellate (Art. 132-136): Appeals from HCs
Advisory (Art. 143): President's opinion
Review (Art. 137): Review own judgments
Court of Record (Art. 129): Precedent value
Guardian of Constitution
Protector of Fundamental Rights
Interpreter of Constitution
Judicial Activism & PIL
Collegium System vs. NJAC
Establishment of the Supreme Court of India (Jan 28).
Kesavananda Bharati case: Basic Structure Doctrine propounded, limiting Parliament's amending power.
Emergence of Public Interest Litigation (PIL), expanding access to justice.
Second Judges Case: Collegium system for judicial appointments formalized.
SC strikes down National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, upholding Collegium.
Puttaswamy judgment: Right to Privacy declared a Fundamental Right.
Increased focus on judicial efficiency, use of technology, and reducing case pendency.
Landmark judgments on electoral bonds, reservation policies, and environmental protection.
Ongoing debates on judicial accountability and transparency, interventions in governance issues (e.g., Puri Temple).
Art. 124: Establishment, Judges
Jan 28, 1950 (Successor to Federal Court)
Original (Art. 131): Centre-State disputes
Appellate (Art. 132-136): Appeals from HCs
Advisory (Art. 143): President's opinion
Review (Art. 137): Review own judgments
Court of Record (Art. 129): Precedent value
Guardian of Constitution
Protector of Fundamental Rights
Interpreter of Constitution
Judicial Activism & PIL
Collegium System vs. NJAC
Establishment of the Supreme Court of India (Jan 28).
Kesavananda Bharati case: Basic Structure Doctrine propounded, limiting Parliament's amending power.
Emergence of Public Interest Litigation (PIL), expanding access to justice.
Second Judges Case: Collegium system for judicial appointments formalized.
SC strikes down National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, upholding Collegium.
Puttaswamy judgment: Right to Privacy declared a Fundamental Right.
Increased focus on judicial efficiency, use of technology, and reducing case pendency.
Landmark judgments on electoral bonds, reservation policies, and environmental protection.
Ongoing debates on judicial accountability and transparency, interventions in governance issues (e.g., Puri Temple).
Article 124: Provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
Article 129: Declares the Supreme Court to be a court of record its proceedings and decisions are recorded and serve as precedents.
Article 131: Grants Original Jurisdiction exclusive power to hear disputes between the Centre and states, or between states.
Articles 132-136: Define its Appellate Jurisdiction power to hear appeals from High Courts in constitutional, civil, and criminal matters.
Article 137: Confers Review Jurisdiction power to review its own judgments or orders.
Article 141: States that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all other courts in India.
Article 142: Empowers the Supreme Court to pass any decree or order necessary for complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it.
Article 143: Grants Advisory Jurisdiction President can seek the Court's opinion on questions of law or fact of public importance.
Judges are appointed by the President (Article 124(2)) and can be removed by Parliament through a special procedure (Article 124(4)).
Acts as the ultimate interpreter and guardian of the Constitution and fundamental rights.
This mind map illustrates the multifaceted role and powers of the Supreme Court, highlighting its constitutional foundations, various jurisdictions, and its critical function as the protector of fundamental rights and the Constitution.
Supreme Court of India
This timeline highlights significant events, landmark judgments, and reforms that have shaped the Supreme Court's role and influence in India's governance and constitutional framework.
From its inception as the final court of appeal, the Supreme Court has evolved significantly, particularly through landmark judgments that have shaped constitutional law and expanded its role in governance. The rise of PIL and debates around judicial appointments mark its dynamic journey.
Article 124: Provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court.
Article 129: Declares the Supreme Court to be a court of record its proceedings and decisions are recorded and serve as precedents.
Article 131: Grants Original Jurisdiction exclusive power to hear disputes between the Centre and states, or between states.
Articles 132-136: Define its Appellate Jurisdiction power to hear appeals from High Courts in constitutional, civil, and criminal matters.
Article 137: Confers Review Jurisdiction power to review its own judgments or orders.
Article 141: States that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all other courts in India.
Article 142: Empowers the Supreme Court to pass any decree or order necessary for complete justice in any cause or matter pending before it.
Article 143: Grants Advisory Jurisdiction President can seek the Court's opinion on questions of law or fact of public importance.
Judges are appointed by the President (Article 124(2)) and can be removed by Parliament through a special procedure (Article 124(4)).
Acts as the ultimate interpreter and guardian of the Constitution and fundamental rights.
This mind map illustrates the multifaceted role and powers of the Supreme Court, highlighting its constitutional foundations, various jurisdictions, and its critical function as the protector of fundamental rights and the Constitution.
Supreme Court of India
This timeline highlights significant events, landmark judgments, and reforms that have shaped the Supreme Court's role and influence in India's governance and constitutional framework.
From its inception as the final court of appeal, the Supreme Court has evolved significantly, particularly through landmark judgments that have shaped constitutional law and expanded its role in governance. The rise of PIL and debates around judicial appointments mark its dynamic journey.
