Article 21A: Inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, it states that 'The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.'

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009: Enacted to operationalize Article 21A, making education a justiciable right for children aged 6-14 years.

Mandates 25% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) and disadvantaged groups in private unaided schools.

Prohibits physical punishment and mental harassment of children in schools.

Lays down norms and standards for schools, including pupil-teacher ratio, infrastructure, and school working days.

Requires appropriate governments to ensure the availability of neighborhood schools.

Emphasizes quality education, not just access, by focusing on curriculum, teacher training, and learning outcomes.

Article 45 (DPSP): After the 86th Amendment, it directs the State to endeavor to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.

Article 51A(k) (Fundamental Duty): Makes it a duty of every citizen who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

Aims to achieve universal elementary education and reduce disparities in educational access and outcomes.

Article 21A: Inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002, it states that 'The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.'

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009: Enacted to operationalize Article 21A, making education a justiciable right for children aged 6-14 years.

Mandates 25% reservation for economically weaker sections (EWS) and disadvantaged groups in private unaided schools.

Prohibits physical punishment and mental harassment of children in schools.

Lays down norms and standards for schools, including pupil-teacher ratio, infrastructure, and school working days.

Requires appropriate governments to ensure the availability of neighborhood schools.

Emphasizes quality education, not just access, by focusing on curriculum, teacher training, and learning outcomes.

Article 45 (DPSP): After the 86th Amendment, it directs the State to endeavor to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.

Article 51A(k) (Fundamental Duty): Makes it a duty of every citizen who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

Aims to achieve universal elementary education and reduce disparities in educational access and outcomes.