Collective Responsibility (Article 75(3)): The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, meaning they stand or fall together.

Individual Responsibility: Ministers are individually responsible to the President (who acts on the advice of the Prime Minister).

Question Hour: Members can ask questions to ministers on government policies and administration, holding them directly accountable.

Zero Hour: Members can raise matters of urgent public importance without prior notice, often used to question government actions.

Motions: Adjournment Motion, Censure Motion, and No-Confidence Motion are powerful tools for the legislature to express disapproval or remove the government.

Debates: On bills, resolutions, budget, and matters of public interest provide platforms for scrutiny and justification.

Parliamentary Committees: Departmental Standing Committees scrutinize demands for grants, bills, and annual reports of ministries, while financial committees (PAC, Estimates, PSU) examine financial accountability.

Role of Opposition: To question, criticize, and hold the government accountable, acting as a check on executive power.

Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG): Audits government accounts and reports to Parliament, providing an independent assessment of financial accountability.

Collective Responsibility (Article 75(3)): The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha, meaning they stand or fall together.

Individual Responsibility: Ministers are individually responsible to the President (who acts on the advice of the Prime Minister).

Question Hour: Members can ask questions to ministers on government policies and administration, holding them directly accountable.

Zero Hour: Members can raise matters of urgent public importance without prior notice, often used to question government actions.

Motions: Adjournment Motion, Censure Motion, and No-Confidence Motion are powerful tools for the legislature to express disapproval or remove the government.

Debates: On bills, resolutions, budget, and matters of public interest provide platforms for scrutiny and justification.

Parliamentary Committees: Departmental Standing Committees scrutinize demands for grants, bills, and annual reports of ministries, while financial committees (PAC, Estimates, PSU) examine financial accountability.

Role of Opposition: To question, criticize, and hold the government accountable, acting as a check on executive power.

Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG): Audits government accounts and reports to Parliament, providing an independent assessment of financial accountability.